廣開土太王;高句麗的King－福生緣德幸福啟航

簡介

如果一個人的夢想，它會結束，因為一個夢。但是，如果10,000人
的夢想，它可能是一個現實的“最強大的英雄和皇帝
韓國歷史！廣開土王的光輝的一生將會展現
在你的眼前。他被視為一個國王誰恢復的榮耀
被高句麗奪取權力來自百濟回來，並導致死灰復燃
高句麗成為東亞地區的主要力量。

一出戲，詳細說明廣開土王的大，誰恢復的生命
被奪取功率從百濟，這回來了高句麗的榮耀
入侵高句麗之前，廣開土的誕生和主導東亞
根據近肖古王的統治。

廣開土王的偉大的征服者

http://www.alodrama.com/watch/king-gwanggaeto-the-great-conqueror/120.html

廣開土高句麗的大（374-413河391-413）是19 君主的高句麗，在最北端的朝鮮三國。他的全諡號大致意思是“非常偉大的國王，領土的廣泛擴展，和平與安全的使者，埋在Gukgangsang。” 廣開土下，高句麗再次成為東北亞地區的一個大國，因為它此前一直，公元二世紀期間。許多人認為高句麗在這種鬆散的統一已經得到了三國的第一個也是唯一真正的統一。

Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo (374-413, r. 391-413) was the nineteenth monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. His full posthumous name roughly means "Very Greatest King, Broad Expander of Territory, bringer of Peace and Security, buried in Gukgangsang." Under Gwanggaeto, Goguryeo once again became a major power of Northeast Asia, as it had been earlier, during the second century CE. Many consider this loose unification under Goguryeo to have been the first and only true unification of the Three Kingdoms.

今天，廣開土王大被韓國視為其歷史上最偉大的英雄之一，並且是其中唯一一個兩個統治者，隨著世宗大王誰被封為大他們的名字後。他對他在位期間極大地擴大韓國的領土遺留給他的人極大的信心，希望和力量。

Today, King Gwanggaeto the Great is regarded by Koreans as one of their greatest historical heros, and is one of only is one of two rulers, along with King Sejong who were given the title Great after their name. His legacy of greatly expanding the territory of Korea during his reign gave his people great confidence, hope and strength.

在廣開土的誕生之時，高句麗是沒有那麼強大，因為它曾經是。只是之前他的出生，百濟近肖古王已經徹底擊敗高句麗，捕捉其第二大平壤和殺害高句麗國王Gogukwon的堡壘。高句麗國王Sosurim，誰在371成功Gogukwon在後者死後，把他的外交政策，孤立越好，重建由百濟入侵371嚴重削弱的狀態。Gogukyang，誰成功Sosurim，保持了類似的政策，轉而選擇到專注於高句麗勢力的復興和再活化。

在371擊敗高句麗後，百濟已成為東亞地區的主導力量，具有影響力的區域並不局限於朝鮮半島孤單。根據近肖古王百濟軍隊佔領中國的幾個沿海城市，特別是在遼西和山東，以保持其優於高句麗和各種中國南方王朝，這已經出現延長的內戰所造成的陷落範圍內的漢代在220 CE和外國部落伴隨入侵，包括但不限於匈奴鮮卑和（烏滸）。百濟近肖古和的領導似乎也已與部分地區的良好關係日本。

因此，高句麗，由一個強大的百濟的力量，它的南面和西面包圍，發現最有效的避免與百濟的衝突，而在同一時間培養與Xienpei和Yuyeon在中國的建設性關係，以便從未來的入侵保衛自己和它的狀態，甚至可能破壞。

At the time of Gwanggaeto's birth, Goguryeo was not as powerful as it once had been. Just prior to his birth, Baekje's King Geunchogo had soundly defeated Goguryeo, capturing its second-largest fortress of Pyongyang and slaying Goguryeo's King Gogukwon. Goguryeo's King Sosurim, who succeeded Gogukwon upon the latter's death in 371, kept his foreign policy as isolationist as possible so as to rebuild a state gravely weakened by the Baekje invasion of 371. Gogukyang, who succeeded Sosurim, maintained a similar policy, opting to focus on the rehabilitation and remobilization of Goguryeo forces.

After defeating Goguryeo in 371, Baekje had become a dominant power in East Asia, with an area of influence not limited to the Korean Peninsula alone. Baekje forces under King Geunchogo seized several coastal cities of China, notably in Liaoxi and Shandong, to retain its superiority over Goguryeo and a variety of southern Chinese dynasties, which had arisen within the context of extended civil wars caused by the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 C.E. and the concomitant invasions of foreign tribes, including but not limited to the Xiongnu and Xianbei (Wu Hu). Baekje and Geunchogo's leadership also seems to have established good relations with parts of Japan.

Thus, Goguryeo, surrounded by a powerful Baekje's forces to its south and west, found it most effective to avoid conflict with Baekje, while at the same time cultivating constructive relations with the Xienpei and Yuyeon in China, in order to defend itself from future invasions, and even the possible destruction of its state.

重建軍隊

廣開土登上了王位，當他的父親，國王Gogukyang，在391死了，他的名字，廣開土王有時縮寫為Hotaewang或Taewang。緊隨加冕高句麗王廣開土選定Yeongnak（永恆之得到歡樂）作為他那個時代的名字，並授予自己的皇帝稱號，這等於是在宣布他對中國的統治者和百濟王平等地位。他被稱為皇帝Yeongnak大帝在位期間。他開始了他的統治年代記作開始重建和再培訓高句麗的騎兵部隊和海軍艦隊，他們被付諸行動，次年，392，對百濟。

Rebuilding the military

Gwanggaeto took the throne when his father, King Gogukyang, died in 391. His name, King Gwanggaeto is sometimes abbreviated to Hotaewang or Taewang. Immediately upon being crowned king of Goguryeo, Gwanggaeto selectedYeongnak (Eternal Rejoicing) as his era name and granted himself the title Emperor, which was tantamount to proclaiming that he had equal status to the rulers of China and the king of Baekje. He was called Emperor Yeongnak the Great during his reign. He started his reign by beginning to rebuild and retrain Goguryeo's cavalry units and naval fleet, and they were put into action the following year, 392, against Baekje.

回收百濟領土

在392，與廣開土中親自指揮，攻擊高句麗與百濟50,000騎兵，服用10-城牆沿線城市兩國共同邊界。這激怒了進攻百濟王莘，誰反對計劃廣開土反擊; 然而，他被迫放棄他的計劃時，高句麗擊敗了他的入侵力量在393。王莘再次進攻高句麗在394，並再次擊敗。經過幾重連敗，百濟開始崩潰在政治上和莘的能力，作為一個領導者受到質疑就來了。阿辛在395輸給了高句麗一遍，他最終被推遲到沿漢江，那裡Wiryeseong，然後百濟的首都是位於現今的南部前首爾。

地圖三國韓國，顯示由高句麗控制時，它的影響是最大的，在第五世紀的區域。

在接下來的一年，廣開土率領他龐大的船隊在Wiryesong的攻擊，通過海運和內河接近。莘期待一個地面入侵和被捉住了他的防禦了。廣開土的部隊燒毀根據百濟控制約58圍牆的城堡，並擊敗王莘的力量。莘投降廣開土，連他的弟弟交給高句麗作為prisonor作為維持自己的統治百濟的條件。廣開土終於獲得了優於它的老對手百濟在朝鮮半島。

Reclaiming Baekje territory

In 392, with Gwanggaeto in personal command, Goguryeo attacked Baekje with 50,000 cavalry, taking 10–walled cities along the two countries' mutual border. This offensive infuriated Baekje's King Asin, who planned a counter-attack against Gwanggaeto; however he was forced to abandon his plan when Goguryeo defeated his invasion force in 393. King Asin again attacked Goguryeo in 394, and was again defeated. After several heavy defeats, Baekje began to crumble politically and Asin's abilities as a leader came under doubt. Asin lost to Goguryeo again in 395, and he was eventually pushed back to a front along the Han River, where Wiryeseong, then Baekje's capital city was located in the southern part of modern day Seoul.

Map of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, showing the area controlled by Goguryeo when its influence was the greatest, in the fifth century.

In the following year, Gwanggaeto led his huge fleet in an assault on Wiryesong, approaching by sea and river. Asin was expecting a ground invasion and was caught with his defenses down. Gwanggaeto's forces burnt about 58 walled fortresses under Baekje control, and defeated the forces of King Asin. Asin surrendered to Gwanggaeto, even handing over his brother to Goguryeo as a prisonor as a condition for maintaining his own rule over Baekje. Gwanggaeto had finally gained superiority over its longtime rival Baekje on the Korean peninsula.

北方的征服

在395，對百濟，國王親自率領的部隊的攻擊和征服Biryu，位於中部的一個小國競選期間滿洲。它的確切位置是未知的，但它不是從松花江很遠。

在400，後燕，由鮮卑族在現今遼寧省慕容家族創立，攻擊高句麗。廣開土迅速作出反應，收復大部分由鮮卑檢和駕駛其中大部分來自高句麗的領土。然後在402，他決定推出其本國領土上後燕的攻擊，決心保護他的帝國從進一步的威脅。同年廣開土擊敗了Xienpei，抓住他們的一些邊境堡壘。在404，他入侵遼東，把整個遼東半島。

鮮卑沒看袖手旁觀作為高句麗軍隊接管了他們的土地。在405，後燕的軍隊越過遼河，並且攻擊高句麗而是廣開土被擊敗了。慕容鮮卑入侵再次次年，但再次高句麗王才得以擊退他們。廣開土帶領幾個對鮮卑更多的活動，以及對契丹部落在內蒙古，他帶來了他的控制之下。在408，國王派出了和平委託高雲，然後皇帝後燕/北燕，促成兩個朝代之間的和解，因為高雲從高句麗王室後裔也。在遼寧地區的高句麗控制依然強勁，直到唐代查獲的區域作為其對抗高句麗在六世紀後期的戰爭的一部分。

在410，廣開土開始了他的征服扶餘（狀態）。在扶餘狀態是沒有對手對於高句麗的偉大騎兵部隊，它遭遇了一系列的失敗，終於投降後，高句麗廣開土王征服64圍牆的城市，1400多個村莊。廣開土也攻擊了幾個靺鞨與阿伊努族再往北，使他們在高句麗統治。

Conquest of the North

In 395, during a campaign against Baekje, the king himself led forces that attacked and conquered Biryu, a small nation located in central Manchuria. Its exact location is not known but it was not very far from the Songhua River.

In 400, Later Yan, founded by the Murong clan of the Xianbei in present-day Liaoning province, attacked Goguryeo. Gwanggaeto responded swiftly, recovering most of the territory seized by the Xianbei and driving most of them from Goguryeo. Then in 402, he decided to launch an attack on Later Yan on its home territory, determined to protect his Empire from further threat. In the same year Gwanggaeto defeated the Xienpei, seizing some of their border fortresses. In 404, he invaded Liaodong and took the entire Liaodong Peninsula.

The Xianbei did not watch idly as Goguryeo forces took over their lands. In 405, forces of the Later Yan crossed the Liao River, and attacked Goguryeo but were defeated by Gwanggaeto. The Murong Xianbei invaded once again the following year, but yet again the Goguryeo king was able to repel them. Gwanggaeto led several more campaigns against Xianbei as well as against Khitan tribes in Inner Mongolia, which he brought under his control. In 408, the king sent a peace delegate to Gao Yun, then emperor of Later Yan/Northern Yan, to broker a settlement between the two dynasties, because Gao Yun descended from the Goguryeo royal house as well. Goguryeo control over the Liaoning region remained strong until the Tang Dynasty seized the area as a part of its war against Goguryeo in the late sixth century.

In 410, Gwanggaeto began his conquest of the Buyeo (state). The Buyeo state was no match for the great cavalry units of Goguryeo, and it suffered a series of defeat, finally surrendering to Goguryeo after King Gwanggaeto conquered sixty-four walled cities and more than 1,400 villages. Gwanggaeto also attacked several Malgal and Ainu tribes further north, bringing them under Goguryeo domination.

東南宣傳活動

在400，新羅在半島東南部另一家韓國王國，高句麗請求援助，以對抗日軍的一個聯盟，保衛百濟王國的西部，和Gaya聯盟西南。同年，廣開土王報以50000部隊，打敗了日本和伽倻騎兵部隊，並提出兩個新羅和伽耶服從他的權威。在401，他回到國王Silseong新羅，建立與王國和平的關係，而他繼續向北征服，但高句麗勢力依然存在，繼續影響著新羅。

Southeastern campaigns

In 400, Silla, another Korean kingdom in the southeast of the peninsula, requested Goguryeo assistance to defend against an alliance of Japanese army, the Baekje kingdom to the west, and the Gaya confederacy to the southwest. In the same year, King Gwanggaeto responded with 50,000 troops, defeated both Japanese and Gaya cavalry units, and made both Silla and Gaya submit to his authority. In 401, he returned King Silseong to Silla, to establish peaceful relationship with the kingdom while he continued the conquest of the north, but Goguryeo forces remained and continued to influence Silla.

死亡和遺產

廣開土王在413死於疾病，享年39歲。雖然廣開土統治只有22年，死於相當年輕，據說他東征西討，以紀念韓國歷史的高潮。除200年期間，他的兒子和繼承人，王長水，以及後來的王國開始渤海，朝鮮從來沒有前無古人後無來統治這樣一個地域遼闊。有證據表明，高句麗的最大程度上奠定進一步向西，在現今的蒙古，由柔然和接壤Göktürks。廣開土也給予信貸確立錄得首次在韓國歷史上的年號，一個象徵性的姿態提升高句麗君主作為等同於他們的中國同行。

當廣開土王的死亡在39歲以下的413年，高句麗控制了阿穆爾河和漢江之間的所有領土（三分之二現代的韓國，以及滿洲里，俄羅斯濱海省及部分地區內蒙古）。此外，在399，新羅呼籲高句麗保護從襲擊百濟。廣開土在現今攻占百濟首都漢城，並提出百濟的附庸。

的廣開土碑，它描述了廣開土的生平和作品的文本的一部分摩擦。注意空格，其中某些字符已成為不可讀。

今天，廣開土王的大是韓國的兩把尺子誰被賦予的標題是“大”的名稱後（另一個是1 世宗大王朝鮮的大，誰創造了韓文字母）。他被韓國人視為其歷史上最偉大的英雄之一，通常被認為是朝鮮民族主義的有力象徵。近日，中國人民共和國發動企圖聲稱高句麗的歷史，中國歷史，這導致了從韓國民眾的反對的一部分的程序。

廣開土的成就記錄在廣開土碑，坐落在他的墓在吉安沿著現今中國-站點朝鮮邊境。在廣開土碑，一個巨大的六米高的紀念碑由廣開土的兒子王長水在414豎立，是由中國學者重新發現在滿洲於1875年。它是世界上最大的刻石碑。雖然石碑為我們提供了他的統治資訊量很大，這也造成了，因為到日本包含在它的文字多次提到的一些歷史爭議。在石碑的文字有些字都看不清楚，留下文字開到一個以上的解釋。到引用日本可以讀取如下：

在391日本越過大海，打敗了百濟和新羅，使他們科目。
在399百濟和日本的盟軍入侵到新羅。新羅問高句麗尋求幫助。
在400高句麗驅逐日本新羅到韓國南部。
在404日本失去了在南部的樂浪（平壤）對高句麗的戰役。

韓國學者提出異議的閱讀，否認日本存在朝鮮半島在第四世紀的可能性。例如，無論是新羅和百濟王國的書面歷史包含沒有提到日本控制的任何部分在391朝鮮半島的，相反，百濟賬戶讀到日本服從百濟國王的命令。一些韓國學者聲稱的廣開土碑故意日軍改變，為日本以後佔領朝鮮的歷史理由。韓國學者聲稱通路應該被解釋為：

在391高句麗越過大海，打敗了百濟和新羅，使他們科目。

關於391通道的另一種解釋是，它是指日本troups在韓國不是征服者，而是在百濟的服務為部隊。高句麗，不尊重百濟的利用日軍，指出，百濟是日本的控制之下，因為百濟是沒有強大到足以站在他們自己的地面沒有日本的幫助，使他們受到日本的援助。

由於歷史由來自不同國家的學者提出了不同的解釋，它已經在這一點上對韓國和日本的學者罷工有關高句麗時期的事件的共識被證明是不可能的。這個分歧已經推遲在發展中要使用共同的歷史教科書進步韓國，日本和中國。

廣開土的另一個遺產是ITF跆拳道撼訊（形式）以他命名是由崔泓熙將軍Honghi和他的同事，南Taehi創建的。引用形式的意義，由ITF跆拳道作為介紹：

金光GAE（廣安gaeto）著名的金光溉-卓旺，高句麗王朝的第19王，誰收復所有失地，包括滿洲的大部分命名。該圖表示的失地擴展和恢復。39運動是指391的前兩個數字CE，這一年他登位。

該模式進行的考試大綱為第一學位黑帶由除了獨立的跆拳道學校認為自己是“傳統的”創新及科技基金風格的原始創新及科技基金的三個分支前的水平的一部分。

Death and legacy

King Gwanggaeto died of disease in 413, at the age of 39. Although Gwanggaeto ruled for only 22 years and died fairly young, his conquests are said to mark the high tide of Korean history. Except for the period of 200 years beginning with his son and successor, King Jangsu, and the later kingdom of Balhae, Korea never before or since ruled such a vast territory. There is evidence that Goguryeo's maximum extent lay even further west, in present-day Mongolia, bordered by the Rouran and Göktürks. Gwanggaeto is also given credit for establishing the reign titles that were recorded for the first time in Korean history, a symbolic gesture elevating Goguryeo monarchs as equals to their Chinese counterparts.

Upon King Gwanggaeto's death at 39 years of age in 413, Goguryeo controlled all territory between the Amur and Han Rivers (two thirds of modern Korea, as well as Manchuria, parts of the Russian Maritime province and Inner Mongolia). In addition, in 399, Silla appealed to Goguryeo for protection from raids from Baekje. Gwanggaeto captured the Baekje capital in present-day Seoul and made Baekje its vassal.

A rubbing of part of the text of the Gwanggaeto Stele, which describes Gwanggaeto's life and works. Note the blank spaces where some of the characters have become unreadable.

Today, King Gwanggaeto the Great is one of two rulers of Korea who were given the title "Great" after their name (the other one being King Sejong the Great of Joseon, who created the Korean alphabet). He is regarded by Koreans as one of the greatest heroes of their history, and is often taken as a potent symbol of Korean nationalism. Recently, the People's Republic of China launched a program of attempting to claim the history of Goguryeo as part of Chinese history, which has resulted in popular opposition from Koreans.

Gwanggaeto's accomplishments are recorded on the Gwanggaeto Stele, located at the site of his tomb in Ji'an along the present-day Chinese-North Korean border. The Gwanggaeto Stele, an enormous six-meter monument erected by Gwanggaeto's son King Jangsu in 414, was rediscovered in Manchuria in 1875 by a Chinese scholar. It is the largest engraved stele in the world. Although the stele gives us a great amount of information of his reign, it has also caused a some historical controversy, because of several references to Japan contained in its text. Some characters in the text of the stele are not clear, leaving the text open to more than one interpretation. The references to Japan can be read as follows:

in 391 Japan crossed sea and defeated Baekje and Silla and made them subjects.
in 399 allied armies of Baekje and Japan invaded into Silla. Silla asked Goguryeo for help.
in 400 Goguryeo expelled Japan from Silla to southern Korea.
in 404 Japan lost the battle against Goguryeo in the southern Lelang (Pyongyang).

Korean scholars dispute this reading, denying the possibility of Japan's presence on the Korean Peninsula in the fourth century. For example, written histories of both the Silla and Baekje kingdoms contain no mention of Japanese control of any part of the Korean peninsula in 391. Rather, Baekje accounts read that Japan obeyed the commands of the King of Baekje. Some Korean scholars claim the the Gwanggaeto Stele was deliberately altered by the Japanese army to provide a historical justification for Japan's later occupation of Korea. Korean scholars claim that the passage should be interpreted as:

in 391 Goguryeo crossed sea and defeated Baekje and Silla and made them subjects.

Another interpretation of the passage regarding 391 is that it refers to Japanese troups in Korea not as conquerers, but as military troops in the service of Baekje. Goguryeo, not respecting Baekje's use of Japanese troops, states that Baekje is under the control of the Japanese, because Baekje was not strong enough to stand their own ground without Japanese help, making them subject to the assistance of the Japanese.

Due to the different interpretations of history made by scholars from different countries, it has proved impossible at this point for Korean and Japanese scholars to strike a concensus regarding the events of the Goguryeo period. This disagreement has delayed progress in developing common history textbooks to be used in Korea, Japan, and China.

A further legacy of Gwanggaeto is the ITF Taekwon-Do Tul (form) named for him that was created by General Choi Honghi and his colleague, Nam Taehi. To quote the significance of the form, as introduced by the ITF Taekwon-do:

KWANG-GAE (Gwang-gaeto) is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th King of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391 C.E., the year he came to the throne.

The pattern is performed as part of the testing syllabus for the level of 1st Degree black belt by the three former branches of the original ITF in addition to independent Taekwon-Do schools that regard themselves as 'traditional' ITF Style.

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